Thermostatic hydraulic valve university of michigan. The conventional transmission and transfer case have been removed and replaced with a hydraulic drivetrain. Once relegated to the sidelines due to bulky components and complicated controls, these systems are benefiting from. Bond graph was used to model the hydraulic part while for mechanical part, block diagrams were used.
This system also starts the vehicles engine, replacing the function of traditional electric starters. Energy efficiency comparison between hydraulic hybrid. Hydraulic motors and hydraulic tanks are used to store energy, in contrast to the electric motors and batteries used in hybrid electric vehicles. In a hydraulic hybrid vehicle hhv a regular internal combustion engine and a hydraulic motor are used to power the wheels. Hydraulic hybrids can power offroad vehicles machine design.
Design and construction of a hydrostatic dynamometer for. The hydraulic components are attached to the driveshaft and assist in stopping and accelerating the vehicle. Among them is the clean automotive technology program located at epas national vehicle and fuel emissions laboratory in ann arbor, michigan. Ford, and chrysler to expand the hydraulic drive field. Hydraulic hybrid vehicles alternative fuels the goal of the clean automotive technology program is to research, evaluate, and develop advanced vehicle engine and drivetrain technologies that help increase fuel efficiency, reduce regulated criteria emissions such as nitrogen oxides nox and particulate matter pm, and cut greenhouse gas emissions. A capture zone refers to the threedimensional region that contributes the ground water extracted by one or more wells or drains. In an effort to help these types of vehicles minimize fuel consumption, lightning hybrids developed a hydraulic hybrid system which collects and stores energy during stopping events which is then used for vehicle acceleration instead of the engine. Optimized production vehicles are expected to have larger nox reductions. The model of the series hybrid hydraulic drivetrain is developed in hopsan 8, a multidomain. One set of factors pushing offroad oems and equipment manufacturers toward hybrids is the environmental protection agencys tier 4 emission. Hydraulic hybrids the new generation of energy efficient drives. In this paper model of hydraulic hybrid vehicle is presented.
There are multiple configurations for a hydromechanical drive train based on the number of planetary differentials and where they are located to split and recombine the power 4. Digital displacement hydraulic hybrids parallel hybrid drives for commercial vehicles jamie taylor1, win rampen, alasdair robertson, niall caldwell artemis intelligent power ltd, unit 3, edgefield industrial estate, loanhead, eh20 9tb, uk. September, 2004vehicles with the potential for dramatic improvements in fuel efficiency, performance, and costeffectiveness due to new advancements in. The epa is a research leader in the application of hydraulics in vehicles.
Recent trends hydraulic hybrid vehicles ankush menat 2. If you need captions, please click the cc button on the player to turn them on. Eaton, epa showcase new fuelsaving hydraulic hybrid ups. In a regular vehicle, power is provided to the wheels by the engine through the transmission and drive shaft. Volvo flygmotor used petrohydraulic hybrids experimentally in buses from the early 1980s. Pdf hydraulic hybrids the new generation of energy. Hydraulic components offer greater power density than electric components, but the energy storage. Also explore the seminar topics paper on hydraulic hybrid vehicle with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year mechanical engineering me or production automobile students for the year 2019 2020.
The concept uses extremely efficient floating cup hydrostatic pumps, motors and transformers, which have been developed recently. The organizations that contributed to the development of the ups hydraulic hybrid demonstration vehicles are. Introduction to how hydraulic hybrids work howstuffworks. As part of eatons role in designing and developing hybrid technologies, company engineers have been colocated at. Two different types of hybrid vehicles are available today.
The pressure is on as ups adds more hydraulic hybrids. Hydraulic hybrid and conventional parcel delivery vehicles measured laboratory fuel economy on targeted drive cycles. Eaton has been working with the epa since october 2001 under a cooperative research and development agreement involving hydraulic hybrid systems. In a series hhv, the engine is not directly connected to the wheels. With todays need for better fuel economy and emissions reduction, hybrid technology has become increasingly popular. This video explains the benefits of hydraulic hybrid vehicle or hhv technology. An animated description of how a hydraulic hybrid vehicle hhv works. The presently described apparatus and method describes the construction, use and operation of a hydraulic hybrid vehicle including the components and the manner by which the components are integrated into a standard electric powered vehicle. Ford f550 and excursion launch assist, gm suburban and ford expedition series full series red ford expedition full series ups package car 2 studies of. Hybrid vehicle using epa us06 aggressive drive cycle simulation.
The epa has concluded 2006 that for on highway vehicles a hydraulic hybrid is more energy efficient and lower cost than competitive electric hybrids. Development of a hydromechanical hydraulic hybrid drive. The environmental protection agency epa is currently pursuing research in regenerative braking hydraulic hybrids which pressurizes fluid upon braking to partially power the vehicle. Hydraulic hybrid technology uses a hydraulic energy storage and propulsion system in the vehicle. The objective is to evaluate the fuel consumption potential of hydraulic hybrid vehicles evaluate the tradeoffs between energy storage system power. Epa hydraulic hybrid timeline electric hybrids chassis 6 taurus size intense research program to study hydraulic hybrid technology and systems f550 work truck suvs and ldts. Epa is on the cutting edge of research and development of hydraulic hybrid technology. Lammert, jonathan burton, petr sindler, and adam duran. Until now, for smaller vehicles including electric hybrids, it.
Hydraulic hybrid vehicle seminar report, ppt, pdf for. Pdf hydraulic hybrid propulsion for heavy vehicles. Hydraulic hybrids use many of the same principles as electric hybrids, but instead of using potentially pollutive and heavy batteries, they use lightweight components and clean fluid to power. They capture and reuse 70% 80% of the vehicles brakingdecelerating energy compared to 55% for electric hybrids. Epa also performed detailed lab benchmarking comparing the parker hydraulic parcel delivery advanced series hybrid technology with gearbox, engine off, and engine management to hybrid electric vehicle drivetrains and the u. Modeling of a series hybrid hydraulic drivetrain for a lightduty vehicle in hopsan k. Hydraulic hybrids, however, lack the extra batteries needed to power electrical systems when the engine turns off.
We will focus on hydraulic hybrids, which use pressurized fluid as a power source. Lightning hybrids hydraulic hybrid fuel and emissions savings. In a parallel hydraulic hybrid vehicle hhv, the engine still provides power to the wheels through a standard transmission. The vehicle may be powered by an electric motor, by a hydraulic motor, or by both acting together. Hydraulic hybrids caught the attention of the environmental protection agency, because the system promises 25 45 percent improvements in fuel economy and emissions. Hydraulic hybrid technology converts energy from braking that is normally dissipated as thermal energy in a process known as. Epa s hydraulic hybrids typically capture 70% or more of the braking energy otherwise lost to heat, while electric hybrids capture 20% to 25%. Epa, arm terminals, parker hannifin, kalmar industries, fev, inc. Volvo flygmotor used petro hydraulic hybrids experimentally in buses from the early 1980s. The epa estimates that co2 emissions from hydraulic hybrid ups trucks are 40 percent lower than conventional ups trucks, and a fleet of trucks could save 1,000 gallons of fuel a year. It also describes the field test procedure and tried technology. Hydraulic hybrids are able to capture and reuse 7080% of the otherwise wasted braking energy. Hydraulic regenerative braking is a technology that converts kinetic energy into hydraulic energy and stores the pressure to be used during an energysaving mode, which reduces energy and fuel costs.
Eaton hydraulics has developed a hydraulic hybrid lift truck that demonstrated up to 35% fuel savings when compared to a baseline vehicle. Modeling of a series hybrid hydraulic drivetrain for a. In this new concept, the complete mechanical transmission of a car is replaced by a full hydrostatic transmission, allowing energy recuperation and an efficient operation. Pdf a bond graph approach to hydraulic hybrid vehicle. Back in 2004, the epa announced that it developed a clean diesel combustion technology for the ford expedition, which incorporated an engine design that is simultaneously clean, efficient, and costeffective. Hydraulic hybrids draw from two sources of power to operate the vehicle.
The environmental protection agency epa is currently pursuing research in regenerative braking hydraulic hybrids which pressurizes fluid upon braking to. Some versions have a piston in a cylinder rather than a pressurized bladder. Oct 28, 2008 an animated description of how a hydraulic hybrid vehicle hhv works. Hydraulic hybrid and conventional parcel delivery vehicles. Epa and its european union counterpart for 2010 and.
Hhvs, like all hybrid vehicles, use two sources of power to drive the wheels. While thats not a big deal for parallel hydraulic hybrids, since their engines dont shut off when the vehicle stops, it is a big deal for series hydraulic hybrids. Electric hybrids store energy in batteries and are commonly available as passenger vehicles. For trucks and buses, this can also be less expensive than electric systems. The technology was developed by the epa national vehicle and fuel emissions laboratory in partnership with eaton and navistar. Epa delivers with fully hydraulic hybrid truck hydraulics. Epa has achieved major breakthroughs in the design and operation of pumpmotors and accumulators by making them smaller, lighter, and more efficient. Epas hydraulic hybrids typically capture 70% or more of the braking energy otherwise lost to heat, while electric hybrids capture 20% to 25%. How parallel hydraulic hybrid vehicles work us epa. Hydraulic regenerative braking for a 20 bicycle wheel. Are hydraulic hybrid vehicles the future of driving. Series hydraulic hybrids although we are only designing one component of the hydraulic hybrid system it is important to understand the underlying technology behind the process. The pressure is on as ups adds more hydraulic hybrids wired.
Epa and chrysler to jointly design and evaluate a hydraulic hybrid minivan pdf 2 pp, 814k, epa420f11002, january 2011 fact sheet. Hydraulic hybrids are also conserving energy in forklift trucks. Epas clean diesel technology, including a new combustion technology developed by charles gray, david haugen, and others in epas national vehicle and fuel emissions laboratory in. Hydraulic hybrid systems consist of two key components. Commonly used by trucks, buses with frequent stops. Work was started by the epa in the 1980s to study hydraulic hybrids.
Epa, arm terminals, parker hannifin, kalmar industries, fev. New hydraulic hybrid technology developed by epa and ford. One aspect of the hydraulic system is a hydraulic accumulator. Lightning hybrids hydraulic hybrid fuel and emissions. In addition to the gaseous fuel program, owners of vehicles upfit with energy saving electrification and hydraulic hybrids now benefit from the same guidelines, modification recommendations and. Hydraulic hybrids store energy by compressing a gas in an accumulator.
What are hydraulic hybrids first used in 1982 hydraulic hybrids are similar to electric hybrids but use fluid instead of electricity. This ford f550 parallel hydraulic hybrid vehicle was built to. Clean automotive technology transportation and air. This document describes a systematic approach for performing capture zone analysis associated with ground water pump and treat systems.
Hydraulic hybrid technology was originally implemented in germany in the 1930s. Hydraulic components offer greater power density than electric components, but the energy storage density of hydraulic accumulators is less than that of batteries. The hydraulic accumulator is potentially cheaper and more durable than batteries. A capture zone in this context is equivalent to the zone of hydraulic containment. Hydraulic hybrids recover, or harvest, the vehicles kinetic energy during braking and decelerating significantly more efficiently than electric systems. In petrohydraulic hybrids, the energy recovery rate is high and therefore the system is more efficient than electric battery charged hybrids using the current electric battery technology, demonstrating a 60% to 70% increase in energy economy in us environmental protection agency epa testing. Partners clean automotive technology sepa united states environmental protection agency the technical organizations that contributed to the development of the hydraulic hybrid yard hostler are. Hydraulic hybrids, like the caterpillar 336e h excavator, use hydraulic regenerative braking.
Sep, 2004 september, 2004vehicles with the potential for dramatic improvements in fuel efficiency, performance, and costeffectiveness due to new advancements in hydraulic hybrid technology have been. Eatons hydraulic launch assist hla system is a parallel hybrid hydraulic. A hydraulic accumulator is a device that is able to store potential energy in the form of. Series hydraulic hybrid system with optimized supervisory control. Pdf n this paper three basic configurations of hydraulic hybrid vehicle are explained. Hydraulic hybrid vehicles are the future vehicle as it is more better and efficient than the traditional cars as hydraulics systems can recover about 75% of the kinetic energy during braking and deceleration, as compared to the 25% recovery from electric hybrids and its proven to be more costeffective than electric hybrid systems. Parallel hydraulic pressure assistwork circuit hybrids for automated side loader refuse vehicles hydraulic hybrids have been a subject of study for some time now and the application of these hybrids to refuse vehicles has been thoroughly explored. In a parallel hydraulic hybrid there is a conventional engine and drive train system with hydraulic hybrid technology attached to the drive shaft to learn more visit how parallel hhvs works. Explore hydraulic hybrid vehicle with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format.
Peugeot unveils hydraulic, airhybrid 80 mpg car extremetech. Similar to electric hybrids, hydraulic hybrids are either series or parallel. Jul 30, 2014 originally begun with the goal of creating a hydraulic hybrid sports car for the automotive x prize competition, lightning hybrids founders soon realized their technology could be scaled up for use on medium and heavyduty vehicles. The technology was developed by the epa national vehicle and fuel emissions laboratory in. Hybrid vehicles international council on clean transportation. Another hybrid option has been put forth and tested by a number of businesses, as well as the environmental protection agency epa. The hydrid is a hydraulic hybrid drive train for both road vehicles and off road machinery. This research project compares laboratorymeasured fuel economy of a mediumduty diesel powered hydraulic hybrid. Charles gray and other scientists at the national vehicle. Hydraulic hybrid vehicles, or hhvs use a pressurized fluid power source, along with a conventional internal combustion engine ice, to achieve better fuel economy and reductions in harmful emissions. Hydraulic hybrids in the community hybrid vehicle technologies have become increasingly popular as gasoline prices have escalated in recent years. In a hydraulic hybrid, pressurized fluid is used as secondary source of power. A systematic approach for evaluation of capture zones at. Pdf hydraulic hybrid vehicle configurations and comparison with.
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